PikselProd - User contributions [en]

Sushi Roulette: Novel plastic pollutants - byproducts of novel & emerging technologies explored using novel DIY science techniques

2016-10-08T16:50:28Z

Kat: /* Bios */

== '''Piksel Pulse collaboration with S.Net Conference, UIB and KHIB''' ==
Bergen, 12th-14th October 2016 at the Student Center, University of Bergen (UIB)

== '''Workshop / project: 3 day workshop for 15 participants. ''' ==

With new technologies come new impacts. We will be looking at the unseen and hard to detect impact of our increasing use of “hidden” plastic - plastic that we can’t see, like microbeads, or that we don’t have a narrative of as polluting, such as 3D printed materials. We’ll be refining the DIY chemical tests that we developed at Piksel 2015, extending them from analysing the microplastics in fish to looking at fish market samples.

Over a 1+3 day workshop at S.Net, we’ll take the participants through a process of sample collection on a field trip onto the fish market, and an exploration of these newly developed DIY techniques, to understand better the presence of plastic in the marine environment around Bergen.

The workshops will culminate with a Sushi Roulette afterparty, where through the presence of real and dummy sushi the participants are challenged to test their reactions to the thought of consuming plastics as food.

== '''Keywords''' ==
underwater microplastic pollution, anthropogenic influence on the sea life, fish, Nordic sea, DIY biology, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, plastic contained in food, Bergen fishmarket, Bergen fish shops

== '''Links''' ==
Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic (CRESC) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Accumulation-Material-Politics-Plastic-CRESC/dp/0415625823/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1467365211&sr=8-1&keywords=gabrys+accumulation+plastics] 
Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep03263] 
=== Microplastics in Norway ===
'''Distribution of microplastics in marine environments from Norwegian Env Agency''' 
http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/Documents/publikasjoner/M319/M319.pdf 
"The effects of microplastics on marine organisms are typically sub-lethal, such as reduced feeding and increased uptake of certain contaminants (e.g. polychlorinatedbiphenyls). Laboratory exposure to microplastics shows negative impact such as a reduction in the growth of marine worms and changes in gene regulation in fish." 
"The significance of microplastic pollution on the safety of seafood is not known, although it is important to note that the concentrations determined in the farmed mussels and oysters are relatively small. If eating 250 g of blue mussels one will consume 90 particles, and 6 oysters of 100 g per the portion will contain around 50 particles54. Although, based upon the yearly consumption of shellfish in Europe the number increases to 11,000 particles person-1 year-1 54." 
"Even though a large number of fish species have been examined to date, the spatial coverage of such studies is relatively poor with insufficient data to decipher any spatial trends. The number of microplastics found in the digestive system of fish is typically between 1 and 7.2 (Table 6). In the English Channel less dense polymers, such as polystyrene and LDPE (Table 2) were only found in pelagic feeding fish, however, less dense polymers where found in fish that fed in both pelagic and demersal waters. The plastics polymers found in the English channel are known to be used a lot in the fishing industry, which may be a possible source94."
"there is considerable potential for bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of microplastics in food chains, such that higher predators, including human consumers of seafood products, may possibly be exposed to relatively high levels of micro plastics" 

'''Marine microplstic pollution in Norway''' http://epanet.pbe.eea.europa.eu/.../microplastic-pollution-norway.../S2%205_Kjeldby.pdf 

===Impact of Microplastics===

'''Plastic poisons in the food chain''' 
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/Plastic_Poisons_in_the_Food_Chain.php 
Plastic wastes are not only physically harmful. They may be chemically harmful either because they are inherently toxic, or because they absorb other pollutants that are toxic. As pointed out in a recent review [6], microplastics can be ingested by suspension- filter- and deposit- feeders, detritivores and planktivores, all at the bottom of the food web. They may accumulate within the organisms, resulting in both physical and chemical damage. They can cause abrasions and blockages. And toxicity could arise from contaminants leaching from the microplastics such as monomers and plastic additives that are carcinogenic and/or endocrine disrupting. Moreover, microplastics can concentrate hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have a greater affinity for the hydrophobic surface of plastics compared to seawater. On account of their large surface area to volume ratio, microplastics can become heavily contaminated, at up to 6 orders of magnitude greater than ambient seawater in the case of waterborne POPs [7, 8]. 

'''Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress''' 
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep03263 
Plastic debris litters aquatic habitats globally, the majority of which is microscopic (< 1 mm), and is ingested by a large range of species. Risks associated with such small fragments come from the material itself and from chemical pollutants that sorb to it from surrounding water. Hazards associated with the complex mixture of plastic and accumulated pollutants are largely unknown. Here, we show that fish, exposed to a mixture of polyethylene with chemical pollutants sorbed from the marine environment, bioaccumulate these chemical pollutants and suffer liver toxicity and pathology. Fish fed virgin polyethylene fragments also show signs of stress, although less severe than fish fed marine polyethylene fragments. We provide baseline information regarding the bioaccumulation of chemicals and associated health effects from plastic ingestion in fish and demonstrate that future assessments should consider the complex mixture of the plastic material and their associated chemical pollutants. 

'''Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic particles influence larval fish ecology''' 
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6290/1213 
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of plastic waste in the environment have become a growing global concern over the past decade. Although some marine organisms have been shown to ingest plastic, few studies have investigated the ecological effects of plastic waste on animals. Here we show that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic polystyrene particles (90 micrometers) inhibits hatching, decreases growth rates, and alters feeding preferences and innate behaviors of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) larvae. Furthermore, individuals exposed to microplastics do not respond to olfactory threat cues, which greatly increases predator-induced mortality rates. Our results demonstrate that microplastic particles operate both chemically and physically on larval fish performance and development. 

'''Microplastic ingestion by scleractinian corals''' 
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-015-2619-7 
We report for the first time the ingestion of microplastics by scleractinian corals, and the presence of microplastics in coral reef waters adjacent to inshore reefs on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GRE, 18°31′S 146°23′E). Analysis of samples from sub-surface plankton tows conducted in close proximity to inshore reefs on the central GBR revealed microplastics, similar to those used in marine paints and fishing floats, were present in low concentrations at all water sampling locations. Experimental feeding trials revealed that corals mistake microplastics for prey and can consume up to ~50 μg plastic cm−2 h−1, rates similar to their consumption of plankton and Artemia nauplii in experimental feeding assays. Ingested microplastics were found wrapped in mesenterial tissue within the coral gut cavity, suggesting that ingestion of high concentrations of microplastic debris could potentially impair the health of corals. 

===Novel sources of Microplastics===
'''Hiking clothes create microplastic pollution in Svalbard''' 
http://svalbardposten.no/nyheter/turklar-skaper-trobbel-for-fjordlivet/19.6899 
We are primarily filamentous plastic particles of different colors and types.These findings show that households in Svalbard in the Arctic contributes to the discharge of plastic waste, and perhaps to a greater extent than we like to think about, says oceanographer Jan H. Sundet IMR. 

===Art, architecture, design and advocacy about plastic pollution===

'''Floating park that traps plastic''': Really interesting and innovative intervention in Rotterdam: http://recycledpark.com/news.html - a floating park that traps plastic waste in the river 

'''Art projects''': http://time.com/4358434/world-oceans-day-art-marine-plastic/ particularly Max Liboion and Judith Selby Lang and Richard Lang, Tuula Närhinen, Nick Humphrey 

'''iGem Plastic Republic''' http://2012.igem.org/Team:University_College_London 

'''Plastic recycled into construction materials''' - this is of course a little problematic in terms of micro plastics and release of toxics as the plastic will still degrade 
- http://inhabitat.com/byfusion-turns-all-types-of-ocean-plastic-into-eco-friendly-construction-blocks/ 
- and the more attractive http://inhabitat.com/lego-like-building-blocks-of-recycled-plastic-allow-colombians-to-build-their-own-homes/ 
- wood-plastic composite for building http://inhabitat.com/aussie-surfboard-designer-makes-recycled-prefab-cyclone-resistant-homes/ 

'''The Adidas recycled plastic shoe''' is interesting in terms of large brand assimilation of an idea http://www.theverge.com/2016/6/8/11881670/adidas-3d-printed-sneaker-competition 

== '''Schedule''' ==
'''Day 11th Oct. Tuesday''' (from 3pm - 5pm): Field exploration. Visit and buying fish at the fish market in Bergen and other fish shops.

'''Day 12th Oct. Wednesday''' 
Preparation for the workshop 10-12 AM 
Lunch break 12-13h 
Workshop 13-18h
(activities for participants) 
Cleaning 18-19h 

'''Day 13th Oct. Thursday''' (from 1pm to 5 pm): Establishing an open source and open hardware lab for DIY biology, chemistry and marine fauna research.
Debate: Public discussions with local scientist, environmental scientist, fisherman's, artists and interested parties. 

Preparation for the workshop 11-12 AM 
Lunch break 12-13h 
Workshop 13-17h
(activities for participants) 
Debate 17-18h
(activities for participants) 
Cleaning 18-17h 

'''Day 14th Oct. Friday''' (from 10pm to 3 pm): Closing event. Sushi Roulette: Public presentation of the outcome using all the data and tools developed and recorded during the workshop days. The workshops will culminate with a Sushi Roulette afterparty, where real and dummy sushi will be served. 

Manufacturing exhibits 9-11:30 AM
(processing research results, creating documentation, making presentations, editing videos) 
Lunch break 11:30 - 12:30h 
Preparation for exhibition 12:30 - 14h
(setting up the space, setting up the exhibits) 
Exhibition 14-15h
(activities for participants and wider public) 
Cleaning up 15-17h 

== '''Bios''' ==
'''Kat Austen'''
http://katausten.com http://worldflows.net.
Kat F Austen is a succession of experiences and an assemblage of aspirations. In the temporal melting-pot of her life so far she has produced work as an artist, an environmental scientist, a journalist, a writer and much in between.

As an artist Kat deals with themes of environment, social justice, communities and human relations to digital culture. She creates experiences, stories and playful installations, mixing fact and fiction closely, so troublesome. She wants to touch your heart, mind, soul, body.

Kat is Artist in Residence at the Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University College London, and has been artist for LAStheatre, The Clipperton Project and Utter! Spoken word, among others. She has exhibited widely, including at Museo Diego Rivera, Mexico City, Kulurbraueri, Berlin, Kreuzberg Pavillion, Berlin, The Crystal, London, Schwartz Gallery, London, Regenerate Gallery, London and Williams Art, Cambridge, among others. She has presented on interdisciplinary internationally and has run artistic workshops in Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and the UK. She is Head of Research and Design at social enterprise iilab, leading the Open Droplet water sensor project, which was recently included on the Serpentine Gallery’s extinct.ly platform. With this project, she is focussing on co-design, physically evocative representations of data and community stewardship of water.

Kat holds a PhD in chemistry from UCL and worked as a post-doctoral research associate at the University of Cambridge. Her writing has appeared in two book chapters, New Scientist, Nature, The Ecologist and The Guardian, and she consults widely on the intersection of science, art and technology, including as a Futureshaper for Forum for the Future, for the European Commission and UK water regulator Ofwat.

The environment is Kat’s passion, and her interest is largely held by finding intellectual, experiential and sensorial ways of understanding existence in all its complexity. Her work explores the interplay between acts at different levels - individual, collective, communal, municipal, state, national, international - in the context of a global, digitally-enabled society. The aesthetics in her artworks treads the line between naive and polished, messy and sleek, humorous and disjointed. For instance, she drowned a lot of tiny people in a bath to make a point about social media. Kat has a PADI open water diving license and also licence to be crew on the yacht.

'''Gjino Šutić (Croatia)'''
http://ur-institute.org/
http://biotweaking.com/
Researcher, innovator, artist, educator, founder and CEO & CSO at UR Institute & Gen0 Industries

Gjino Šutić, conducts research in several fields of science, such as; biotechnology & biomedicine, electronics, robotics, computer science & IT, engineering, nanotechnology etc. with a focus in the field of bioelectronics and biorobotics.

Using DIY approach to biotechnology (biohacking), he designs and DIY manufactures necessary instruments and materials.

Invented the concept of "Biotweaking" (improvement of living organisms or their components to exhibit and use their full potential) which fully defines his philosophy and work.

Since 2012. started a public work by displaying his inventions and innovations such as;
SRCE, B.O.C.A., MeBUMZ etc., in a variety of scientific and art exhibitions and cultural
events in Croatia and abroad. Also, started teaching as an informal educator in biotweaking areas of science.

His work combines complex electronics and biotechnology, and he often uses artistic representation for the demystification of science and for bringing it closer to ordinary
citizens.

In 2013. founded and started working as CEO & CSO of non-profit citizen’s Universal
Research Institute UR, where he also holds workshops, teaches and experiments.
in 2015. founded and started working as CEO & CSO of Gen0 Industries - for production
and development of innovations.

Sushi Roulette: Novel plastic pollutants - byproducts of novel & emerging technologies explored using novel DIY science techniques

2016-10-08T16:47:48Z

Kat:

== '''Piksel Pulse collaboration with S.Net Conference, UIB and KHIB''' ==
Bergen, 12th-14th October 2016 at the Student Center, University of Bergen (UIB)

== '''Workshop / project: 3 day workshop for 15 participants. ''' ==

With new technologies come new impacts. We will be looking at the unseen and hard to detect impact of our increasing use of “hidden” plastic - plastic that we can’t see, like microbeads, or that we don’t have a narrative of as polluting, such as 3D printed materials. We’ll be refining the DIY chemical tests that we developed at Piksel 2015, extending them from analysing the microplastics in fish to looking at fish market samples.

Over a 1+3 day workshop at S.Net, we’ll take the participants through a process of sample collection on a field trip onto the fish market, and an exploration of these newly developed DIY techniques, to understand better the presence of plastic in the marine environment around Bergen.

The workshops will culminate with a Sushi Roulette afterparty, where through the presence of real and dummy sushi the participants are challenged to test their reactions to the thought of consuming plastics as food.

== '''Keywords''' ==
underwater microplastic pollution, anthropogenic influence on the sea life, fish, Nordic sea, DIY biology, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, plastic contained in food, Bergen fishmarket, Bergen fish shops

== '''Links''' ==
Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic (CRESC) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Accumulation-Material-Politics-Plastic-CRESC/dp/0415625823/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1467365211&sr=8-1&keywords=gabrys+accumulation+plastics] 
Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep03263] 
=== Microplastics in Norway ===
'''Distribution of microplastics in marine environments from Norwegian Env Agency''' 
http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/Documents/publikasjoner/M319/M319.pdf 
"The effects of microplastics on marine organisms are typically sub-lethal, such as reduced feeding and increased uptake of certain contaminants (e.g. polychlorinatedbiphenyls). Laboratory exposure to microplastics shows negative impact such as a reduction in the growth of marine worms and changes in gene regulation in fish." 
"The significance of microplastic pollution on the safety of seafood is not known, although it is important to note that the concentrations determined in the farmed mussels and oysters are relatively small. If eating 250 g of blue mussels one will consume 90 particles, and 6 oysters of 100 g per the portion will contain around 50 particles54. Although, based upon the yearly consumption of shellfish in Europe the number increases to 11,000 particles person-1 year-1 54." 
"Even though a large number of fish species have been examined to date, the spatial coverage of such studies is relatively poor with insufficient data to decipher any spatial trends. The number of microplastics found in the digestive system of fish is typically between 1 and 7.2 (Table 6). In the English Channel less dense polymers, such as polystyrene and LDPE (Table 2) were only found in pelagic feeding fish, however, less dense polymers where found in fish that fed in both pelagic and demersal waters. The plastics polymers found in the English channel are known to be used a lot in the fishing industry, which may be a possible source94."
"there is considerable potential for bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of microplastics in food chains, such that higher predators, including human consumers of seafood products, may possibly be exposed to relatively high levels of micro plastics" 

'''Marine microplstic pollution in Norway''' http://epanet.pbe.eea.europa.eu/.../microplastic-pollution-norway.../S2%205_Kjeldby.pdf 

===Impact of Microplastics===

'''Plastic poisons in the food chain''' 
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/Plastic_Poisons_in_the_Food_Chain.php 
Plastic wastes are not only physically harmful. They may be chemically harmful either because they are inherently toxic, or because they absorb other pollutants that are toxic. As pointed out in a recent review [6], microplastics can be ingested by suspension- filter- and deposit- feeders, detritivores and planktivores, all at the bottom of the food web. They may accumulate within the organisms, resulting in both physical and chemical damage. They can cause abrasions and blockages. And toxicity could arise from contaminants leaching from the microplastics such as monomers and plastic additives that are carcinogenic and/or endocrine disrupting. Moreover, microplastics can concentrate hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have a greater affinity for the hydrophobic surface of plastics compared to seawater. On account of their large surface area to volume ratio, microplastics can become heavily contaminated, at up to 6 orders of magnitude greater than ambient seawater in the case of waterborne POPs [7, 8]. 

'''Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress''' 
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep03263 
Plastic debris litters aquatic habitats globally, the majority of which is microscopic (< 1 mm), and is ingested by a large range of species. Risks associated with such small fragments come from the material itself and from chemical pollutants that sorb to it from surrounding water. Hazards associated with the complex mixture of plastic and accumulated pollutants are largely unknown. Here, we show that fish, exposed to a mixture of polyethylene with chemical pollutants sorbed from the marine environment, bioaccumulate these chemical pollutants and suffer liver toxicity and pathology. Fish fed virgin polyethylene fragments also show signs of stress, although less severe than fish fed marine polyethylene fragments. We provide baseline information regarding the bioaccumulation of chemicals and associated health effects from plastic ingestion in fish and demonstrate that future assessments should consider the complex mixture of the plastic material and their associated chemical pollutants. 

'''Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic particles influence larval fish ecology''' 
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6290/1213 
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of plastic waste in the environment have become a growing global concern over the past decade. Although some marine organisms have been shown to ingest plastic, few studies have investigated the ecological effects of plastic waste on animals. Here we show that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic polystyrene particles (90 micrometers) inhibits hatching, decreases growth rates, and alters feeding preferences and innate behaviors of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) larvae. Furthermore, individuals exposed to microplastics do not respond to olfactory threat cues, which greatly increases predator-induced mortality rates. Our results demonstrate that microplastic particles operate both chemically and physically on larval fish performance and development. 

'''Microplastic ingestion by scleractinian corals''' 
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-015-2619-7 
We report for the first time the ingestion of microplastics by scleractinian corals, and the presence of microplastics in coral reef waters adjacent to inshore reefs on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GRE, 18°31′S 146°23′E). Analysis of samples from sub-surface plankton tows conducted in close proximity to inshore reefs on the central GBR revealed microplastics, similar to those used in marine paints and fishing floats, were present in low concentrations at all water sampling locations. Experimental feeding trials revealed that corals mistake microplastics for prey and can consume up to ~50 μg plastic cm−2 h−1, rates similar to their consumption of plankton and Artemia nauplii in experimental feeding assays. Ingested microplastics were found wrapped in mesenterial tissue within the coral gut cavity, suggesting that ingestion of high concentrations of microplastic debris could potentially impair the health of corals. 

===Novel sources of Microplastics===
'''Hiking clothes create microplastic pollution in Svalbard''' 
http://svalbardposten.no/nyheter/turklar-skaper-trobbel-for-fjordlivet/19.6899 
We are primarily filamentous plastic particles of different colors and types.These findings show that households in Svalbard in the Arctic contributes to the discharge of plastic waste, and perhaps to a greater extent than we like to think about, says oceanographer Jan H. Sundet IMR. 

===Art, architecture, design and advocacy about plastic pollution===

'''Floating park that traps plastic''': Really interesting and innovative intervention in Rotterdam: http://recycledpark.com/news.html - a floating park that traps plastic waste in the river 

'''Art projects''': http://time.com/4358434/world-oceans-day-art-marine-plastic/ particularly Max Liboion and Judith Selby Lang and Richard Lang, Tuula Närhinen, Nick Humphrey 

'''iGem Plastic Republic''' http://2012.igem.org/Team:University_College_London 

'''Plastic recycled into construction materials''' - this is of course a little problematic in terms of micro plastics and release of toxics as the plastic will still degrade 
- http://inhabitat.com/byfusion-turns-all-types-of-ocean-plastic-into-eco-friendly-construction-blocks/ 
- and the more attractive http://inhabitat.com/lego-like-building-blocks-of-recycled-plastic-allow-colombians-to-build-their-own-homes/ 
- wood-plastic composite for building http://inhabitat.com/aussie-surfboard-designer-makes-recycled-prefab-cyclone-resistant-homes/ 

'''The Adidas recycled plastic shoe''' is interesting in terms of large brand assimilation of an idea http://www.theverge.com/2016/6/8/11881670/adidas-3d-printed-sneaker-competition 

== '''Schedule''' ==
'''Day 11th Oct. Tuesday''' (from 3pm - 5pm): Field exploration. Visit and buying fish at the fish market in Bergen and other fish shops.

'''Day 12th Oct. Wednesday''' 
Preparation for the workshop 10-12 AM 
Lunch break 12-13h 
Workshop 13-18h
(activities for participants) 
Cleaning 18-19h 

'''Day 13th Oct. Thursday''' (from 1pm to 5 pm): Establishing an open source and open hardware lab for DIY biology, chemistry and marine fauna research.
Debate: Public discussions with local scientist, environmental scientist, fisherman's, artists and interested parties. 

Preparation for the workshop 11-12 AM 
Lunch break 12-13h 
Workshop 13-17h
(activities for participants) 
Debate 17-18h
(activities for participants) 
Cleaning 18-17h 

'''Day 14th Oct. Friday''' (from 10pm to 3 pm): Closing event. Sushi Roulette: Public presentation of the outcome using all the data and tools developed and recorded during the workshop days. The workshops will culminate with a Sushi Roulette afterparty, where real and dummy sushi will be served. 

Manufacturing exhibits 9-11:30 AM
(processing research results, creating documentation, making presentations, editing videos) 
Lunch break 11:30 - 12:30h 
Preparation for exhibition 12:30 - 14h
(setting up the space, setting up the exhibits) 
Exhibition 14-15h
(activities for participants and wider public) 
Cleaning up 15-17h 

== '''Bios''' ==
'''Kat Austen'''
http://katausten.com http://worldflows.net http://opendroplet.org.
Kat F Austen is a succession of experiences and an assemblage of aspirations. In the temporal melting-pot of her life so far she has produced work as an artist, an environmental scientist, a journalist, a writer and much in between.

As an artist Kat deals with themes of environment, social justice, communities and human relations to digital culture. She creates experiences, stories and playful installations, mixing fact and fiction closely, so troublesome. She wants to touch your heart, mind, soul, body.

Kat is Artist in Residence at the Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University College London, and has been artist for LAStheatre, The Clipperton Project and Utter! Spoken word, among others. She has exhibited widely, including at Museo Diego Rivera, Mexico City, Kulurbraueri, Berlin, Kreuzberg Pavillion, Berlin, The Crystal, London, Schwartz Gallery, London, Regenerate Gallery, London and Williams Art, Cambridge, among others. She has presented on interdisciplinary internationally and has run artistic workshops in Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and the UK. She is Head of Research and Design at social enterprise iilab, leading the Open Droplet water sensor project, which was recently included on the Serpentine Gallery’s extinct.ly platform. With this project, she is focussing on co-design, physically evocative representations of data and community stewardship of water.

Kat holds a PhD in chemistry from UCL and worked as a post-doctoral research associate at the University of Cambridge. Her writing has appeared in two book chapters, New Scientist, Nature, The Ecologist and The Guardian, and she consults widely on the intersection of science, art and technology, including as a Futureshaper for Forum for the Future, for the European Commission and UK water regulator Ofwat.

The environment is Kat’s passion, and her interest is largely held by finding intellectual, experiential and sensorial ways of understanding existence in all its complexity. Her work explores the interplay between acts at different levels - individual, collective, communal, municipal, state, national, international - in the context of a global, digitally-enabled society. The aesthetics in her artworks treads the line between naive and polished, messy and sleek, humorous and disjointed. For instance, she drowned a lot of tiny people in a bath to make a point about social media. Kat has a PADI open water diving license and also licence to be crew on the yacht.

'''Gjino Šutić (Croatia)'''
http://ur-institute.org/
http://biotweaking.com/
Researcher, innovator, artist, educator, founder and CEO & CSO at UR Institute & Gen0 Industries

Gjino Šutić, conducts research in several fields of science, such as; biotechnology & biomedicine, electronics, robotics, computer science & IT, engineering, nanotechnology etc. with a focus in the field of bioelectronics and biorobotics.

Using DIY approach to biotechnology (biohacking), he designs and DIY manufactures necessary instruments and materials.

Invented the concept of "Biotweaking" (improvement of living organisms or their components to exhibit and use their full potential) which fully defines his philosophy and work.

Since 2012. started a public work by displaying his inventions and innovations such as;
SRCE, B.O.C.A., MeBUMZ etc., in a variety of scientific and art exhibitions and cultural
events in Croatia and abroad. Also, started teaching as an informal educator in biotweaking areas of science.

His work combines complex electronics and biotechnology, and he often uses artistic representation for the demystification of science and for bringing it closer to ordinary
citizens.

In 2013. founded and started working as CEO & CSO of non-profit citizen’s Universal
Research Institute UR, where he also holds workshops, teaches and experiments.
in 2015. founded and started working as CEO & CSO of Gen0 Industries - for production
and development of innovations.

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2016-01-15T17:19:13Z

Kat: /* Coral Empathy Device */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to research / main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |800px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Deep diving field trip 03.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjords deep diving filed trip 04 .jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjord hack fiedl trip 04.jpg |800px]]
[[File:182.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We build a lot of various DIY hydrophone with piezo speakers, to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Diy hydrophone roro 02.jpg |800px]]

== '''Audio summary and visualization - Pikslo Deep Dive visualization ''' ==

4 hydrophone recordings we made in the sea around Bergen, Norway on 21.11.2015.

- First one is just outside the harbour (00:00),

- the second is a boat passing by on the same spot (00:42),

- third is in a secluded bay (01:19)

- fourth a point in the open (03:12).

Visualized by Slavko Glamočanin with OpenGL in realtime.

Thanks to [http://www.ultranoise.es/ http://www.ultranoise.es/ aka Enrique Tomas] ] for lending us the professional hydrophone (which we compared to our DIY ones:)

Audio recordings available here: https://www.freesound.org/people/slavko321/packs/18501/

GPS locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

<youtube>IIuK5aUL-7w</youtube>.

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Microplastic reaserch.jpg |800px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano

http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent

(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)

http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour

Temperatire 14 deg C

767 x10

760 x10

pH 6.6

[[File:Algae collage.jpg |800px]]

'''ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL'''

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)

Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Coral Empathy Device''' ==

[[File:CoralEmpathy_inside.jpg]]
[[File:CoralEmpathy_outside.jpg |300px]]

Information from the DIY microplastic experimentation and conversations with researchers from Bergen's Marine Institute, alongside sound recordings from the hydrophone field trips, informed the design of a prototype Coral Empathy Device. The device obliterates the visual, employing sound, pressure, texture and smell to translate messages of anthropogenic marine intervention between the experience of coral in the Norwegian waters and the experience of humans on terra. Liquid to air, coral to human, the Coral Empathy Device prototype is an experiment in interspecies empathy.

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:Deep diving final presentation 02.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Feel like a coral 01.jpg|800px]]
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]
[[File:Final presentation deep diving 2.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc... See video
https://vimeo.com/146942782

== '''Concept & context''' ==

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

You might not be able to see them, but microplastics are in the water—and our seafood:
[http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/151026-news-microplastics-trash-trawl-vin?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_content=link_fb20151209video-microplasticsnative&utm_campaign=Content]

File:CoralEmpathy outside.jpg

2016-01-15T17:16:23Z

Kat: Coral Empathy Device prototype

Coral Empathy Device prototype

File:CoralEmpathy inside.jpg

2016-01-15T17:14:31Z

Kat: Inside view of the coral empathy device

Inside view of the coral empathy device

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2016-01-15T17:13:02Z

Kat: /* Coral Empathy Device */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to research / main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |800px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Deep diving field trip 03.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjords deep diving filed trip 04 .jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjord hack fiedl trip 04.jpg |800px]]
[[File:182.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We build a lot of various DIY hydrophone with piezo speakers, to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Diy hydrophone roro 02.jpg |800px]]

== '''Audio summary and visualization - Pikslo Deep Dive visualization ''' ==

4 hydrophone recordings we made in the sea around Bergen, Norway on 21.11.2015.

- First one is just outside the harbour (00:00),

- the second is a boat passing by on the same spot (00:42),

- third is in a secluded bay (01:19)

- fourth a point in the open (03:12).

Visualized by Slavko Glamočanin with OpenGL in realtime.

Thanks to [http://www.ultranoise.es/ http://www.ultranoise.es/ aka Enrique Tomas] ] for lending us the professional hydrophone (which we compared to our DIY ones:)

Audio recordings available here: https://www.freesound.org/people/slavko321/packs/18501/

GPS locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

<youtube>IIuK5aUL-7w</youtube>.

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Microplastic reaserch.jpg |800px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano

http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent

(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)

http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour

Temperatire 14 deg C

767 x10

760 x10

pH 6.6

[[File:Algae collage.jpg |800px]]

'''ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL'''

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)

Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Coral Empathy Device''' ==

Information from the DIY microplastic experimentation and conversations with researchers from Bergen's Marine Institute, alongside sound recordings from the hydrophone field trips, informed the design of a prototype Coral Empathy Device. The device obliterates the visual, employing sound, pressure, texture and smell to translate messages of anthropogenic marine intervention between the experience of coral in the Norwegian waters and the experience of humans on terra. Liquid to air, coral to human, the Coral Empathy Device prototype is an experiment in interspecies empathy.

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:Deep diving final presentation 02.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Feel like a coral 01.jpg|800px]]
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]
[[File:Final presentation deep diving 2.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc... See video
https://vimeo.com/146942782

== '''Concept & context''' ==

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

You might not be able to see them, but microplastics are in the water—and our seafood:
[http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/151026-news-microplastics-trash-trawl-vin?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_content=link_fb20151209video-microplasticsnative&utm_campaign=Content]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2016-01-15T17:02:39Z

Kat:

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to research / main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |800px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Deep diving field trip 03.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjords deep diving filed trip 04 .jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjord hack fiedl trip 04.jpg |800px]]
[[File:182.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We build a lot of various DIY hydrophone with piezo speakers, to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Diy hydrophone roro 02.jpg |800px]]

== '''Audio summary and visualization - Pikslo Deep Dive visualization ''' ==

4 hydrophone recordings we made in the sea around Bergen, Norway on 21.11.2015.

- First one is just outside the harbour (00:00),

- the second is a boat passing by on the same spot (00:42),

- third is in a secluded bay (01:19)

- fourth a point in the open (03:12).

Visualized by Slavko Glamočanin with OpenGL in realtime.

Thanks to [http://www.ultranoise.es/ http://www.ultranoise.es/ aka Enrique Tomas] ] for lending us the professional hydrophone (which we compared to our DIY ones:)

Audio recordings available here: https://www.freesound.org/people/slavko321/packs/18501/

GPS locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

<youtube>IIuK5aUL-7w</youtube>.

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Microplastic reaserch.jpg |800px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano

http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent

(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)

http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour

Temperatire 14 deg C

767 x10

760 x10

pH 6.6

[[File:Algae collage.jpg |800px]]

'''ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL'''

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)

Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Coral Empathy Device''' ==

Information from the DIY microplastic experimentation and conversations with researchers from Bergen's Marine Institute, alongside sound recordings from the hydrophone field trips, informed the design of a prototype Coral Empathy Device. The device obliterates the visual, employing sound, pressure, texture and smell to translate messages of anthropogenic marine intervention between the experience of coral in the Norwegian waters and the experience of humans on terra. Liquid to air, coral to human, the Coral Empathy Device prototype is an experiment in interspecies empathy.

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:Deep diving final presentation 02.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Feel like a coral 01.jpg|800px]]
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]
[[File:Final presentation deep diving 2.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc... See video
https://vimeo.com/146942782

== '''Concept & context''' ==

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

You might not be able to see them, but microplastics are in the water—and our seafood:
[http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/151026-news-microplastics-trash-trawl-vin?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_content=link_fb20151209video-microplasticsnative&utm_campaign=Content]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-26T15:12:45Z

Kat: /* DIY BIO */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to research / main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |800px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Deep diving field trip 03.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjords deep diving filed trip 04 .jpg |800px]]
[[File:Fjord hack fiedl trip 04.jpg |800px]]
[[File:182.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We build a lot of various DIY hydrophone with piezo speakers, to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Diy hydrophone roro 02.jpg |800px]]

== '''Audio summary and visualization - Pikslo Deep Dive visualization ''' ==

4 hydrophone recordings we made in the sea around Bergen, Norway on 21.11.2015.

- First one is just outside the harbour (00:00),

- the second is a boat passing by on the same spot (00:42),

- third is in a secluded bay (01:19)

- fourth a point in the open (03:12).

Visualized by Slavko Glamočanin with OpenGL in realtime.

Thanks to [http://www.ultranoise.es/ http://www.ultranoise.es/ aka Enrique Tomas] ] for lending us the professional hydrophone (which we compared to our DIY ones:)

gps locations of the audio recordings and the audio recordings coming soon...

<youtube>IIuK5aUL-7w</youtube>.

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Microplastic reaserch.jpg |800px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano

http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent

(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)

http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour

Temperatire 14 deg C

767 x10

760 x10

pH 6.6

[[File:Algae collage.jpg |800px]]

'''ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL'''

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)

Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:Deep diving final presentation 02.jpg |800px]]
[[File:Feel like a coral 01.jpg|800px]]
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]
[[File:Final presentation deep diving 2.jpg |800px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc... See video
https://vimeo.com/146942782

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:54:31Z

Kat: /* Final Presentation */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]
[[File:IMG 7221.jpg|300px]] [[File:IMG 7234.jpg|400px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

File:IMG 7234.jpg

2015-11-25T17:53:28Z

Kat: Feel Like Coral In Use

Feel Like Coral In Use

File:IMG 7221.jpg

2015-11-25T17:52:09Z

Kat: Final Presentation - Feel Like Coral, and DIY Microplastics Slide

Final Presentation - Feel Like Coral, and DIY Microplastics Slide

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:50:59Z

Kat: /* Final Presentation */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:IMG 7229 3.jpg|800px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

File:IMG 7229 3.jpg

2015-11-25T17:48:57Z

Kat: Final Presentation, PIKSLO Deep Dive

Final Presentation, PIKSLO Deep Dive

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:47:29Z

Kat: /* Final Presentation */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:46:57Z

Kat: /* Final Presentation */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==
[[File:IMG 7229 2.jpg]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

File:IMG 7229 2.jpg

2015-11-25T17:45:55Z

Kat: Audience at PIKSLO final presentation

Audience at PIKSLO final presentation

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:37:22Z

Kat:

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''Final Presentation'''==

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:34:29Z

Kat: /* Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

Mareano programme, which records all instances of marine litter that the researchers find

http://mareano.no/en/about_mareano
http://mareano.no/en/maps/mareano_en.html

This has little information on the region around Bergen

Methods for analysing microplastics: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf

Destroying organic compounds (for microplastic analysis):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent
(hydrogen peroxide + Fe solution)

we are using Sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide

Venish has 30% sodium peroxide + enzimes (protein & starch digestion - protease & amylase)
http://rbeuroinfo.com/ - Venish composition

Water lab analysis out of the harbour
Temperatire 14 deg C
767 x10
760 x10
pH 6.6

ALGAE MICROPLASTIC TESTING PROTOCOL

Algal Samples:

Ascophyllum nodosum - formally identified as Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack (bubbles)
Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria digitata) (flat without bubbles)
Fucus serratus (second sample from outside the harbour)

Testing protocol:
1 g of each type of algae into test tubes, 4 iterations of each
Stock solution of vanish - 40 g to 80 mL water
Stock Iron Solution 3.75g Fe II sulphate, 4g Mexican lemon salt powder (lemon juice, citric acid, salt and sugar), 250 ml water (boiled)

To 1g of each seaweed in a small test tube add:
Sample 1:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate

Sample 2:
5ml Fe II aq stock
5ml Percarbonate
0.5 ml of Ajax all purpose cleaning gel

Sample 3:
5ml Fe
5ml Percarbonate
2ml Ajax

Sample 4:
5ml Fe
10 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Left standing for 10 minutes
Heat to 80 degrees C then turn off heat and leave to stand

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]

Pikslo deep diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea

2015-11-25T17:23:54Z

Kat: /* Keywords */

== '''Pikslo_deep_diving / underwater interception of the nordic sea''' ==

DIWO open lab, DIY Biologie, DIY Chemistry, DIY hydrophone

[[File:Deep diving open lab at BIKS.jpg |740px]]

== '''Keywords''' ==

sonification, sound pollution, underwater sound, underwater sound pollution, anthropogenic

influence on the sea life, hydrophone, sonar, field recording, electromagnetic polution

(internet cables in water), acoustic ecology, seafaring, animals, fish, jellyfish, nordic sea, DIY

biologie, DIY chemistry, anthropocene, microplastic polution, interspecies empathy, embodiment, complex systems

== '''Collaborators team:''' ==

[http://robertina.net/ Robertina Šebjanič] (SI), [http://katausten.com/ Kat Austen] (UK/DE), [http://www.naprave.net/en/home/ Slavko Glamočanin] (SI), [http://ur-institute.org/ Gjino Šutić]

(CRO), [http://15.piksel.no/ Piksel team] (main organiser)

+

associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

+

participants of the workshop

[[File:Deep diving mentors.jpg |740px ]]

== '''Workshop / project:'''==

During the 5 day work intense inter disciplinary research of four main mentors and

collaborators did open the process of the exploration of the context of DIY biologie, DIY

chemistry and sound. An DIY laboratory in the context of the Piksel festival was the main eirviroment for the workshop.

We did spend time out on the field trips to

the fjords and surroundings in Bergen, to collect needed data.

'''Introduction to Research / To main topic of the research has been:'''

- '''underwater sound polution'''

- '''microplastic polution'''

=='''Field trip - reaserch - collecting data'''==

'''Harbour - collectiong data'''

17., 18., 19., 20. November 2015

[[File:Deep diving - harbour data collecting.jpg |740px]]

[[File:Filed trip deep diving 02.jpg |740px]]

'''Fjords boat trip - underwater recording'''

21. November 2015

gps locations of the audio recordings

[[File:Fjords boat trip deep diving.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY hydrophone''' ==

We bould a lot of varius DIY hydrophone's to try them out on the field trips.

[[File:DIY hydrophone 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''Microplastic pollution - DIY bio and DIY chemistry research''' ==

[[File:Diy microplastic gjino kat 01.jpg |740px]]

== '''DIY BIO''' ==
associated partner / mentor of the [http://15.piksel.no/diy-biolab-how-to-mix-molecular-biology-and-electronics-as-new-performances/ DIY bio workshop] by [http://www.cristiandelgado.net/ Cristian Delgado]

DNK extraction etc...

== '''Concept & context''' ==

When we look up to sky and look into the space and wonder about what is up there, we

sometime forget, that there is a lot still also to explore on the planet we live.

We know more about the space than we know about the world’s seas and oceans,

especially about the sound perception underwater.

People are not so aware of the vibrant underwater acoustic of sounds of the deepness of

ocean, except for the crash of a wave against a land. Whales, shrimp, seals, dolphins, and a

variety of other creatures of the deep live in a watery acoustical sonic environment. The

arrival of steamships and other humanmade interventions into the ocean soundscape has

contributed disturbing noise to this rich soundscape.

The workshop / project encourage an interrelationship between sound, nature, and

society, as a starting point for the rethinking of the possible developed of nicer sonic

environments for the animals living in the world's oceans and sea’s.

The underwater sound pollution is the reality of recent development and industrialization

reflecting on the sea.

Especially the upper level of the seas where there is most of the living in the seas and

independent by the level of the sonic pollution in the sea. We would also try to research the

deep sea level to understand what is happening there.

World seas and oceans are presenting more than 70% of surface of Earth.

97% of it is saltwater, 2% is fresh water in the form of ice and only the remaining 1% is

drinking water, which is distributed around the planet very unevenly.

The exploration of any ecosystem requires detailed study and observation. The ocean is the

complex, challenging, and harsh environment on Earth and accessing it requires specially

designed tools and technology. It has only been within the last 50 years that technology has

advanced to the point that we can examine the ocean in a systematic, scientific, and non

Pikslo_deep_diving // Context & concept of the workshop / research:

by Robertina Šebjanič (SI), Kat Austen (UK/D), Slavko Glamočanin(SI), Gjino Šutić (CRO)

invasive way. Our ability to observe the ocean environment and its resident creatures has

finally caught up with our imaginations and helping us to understand it also in the ways that

we did not imagine them before.

“''Already back at the renaissance 1490 Leonardo da Vinci observed how the sound of ships

travelled long distances underwater. The sound of ships in the 15th century included the

noise of rudders and rigging, oars and the handling of cargo. Seafaring, while not in its

infancy, was a “life driven” technology; the power of wind and human muscle generated the

only anthropogenic noises in the sea. Over the next 400 years, acoustic technology at sea

involved innovations such as underwater bells and whistling buoys on submerged rocks and

reefs to warn navigators and captains away from marine hazards. With the advent of steam

powered engines, the quality and level of noise began to shift dramatically. With the ability to

navigate to, and develop the far reaches of the globe, the use of dynamite and diesel driven

pile drivers began transforming the soundscape of coastal waters worldwide. Once the

mechanization of seafaring and coastal civil engineering took hold, ocean noise began

increasing exponentially''” * (from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology) and

it started to overtake also the sound scape environment of the animals.

=='''More about the seas in Norway:'''==

NOAA

[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/ https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/nordicseas/]

== '''Some of references and interesting readings for the context of the workshop:''' ==

'''from the referential journal: Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology and

NOAA’s

Marine Life'''

The sounds produced by marine animals are many and varied. Marine mammals, such as

blue whales and harbor porpoise, produce sounds over a wide frequency range, from less

than 10 Hz to over 100,000 Hz, depending on the species of marine mammal. Many fish,

such as the oyster toadfish and plainfin midshipman, and some marine invertebrates, such

as snapping shrimp, also produce sounds. Marine animals use sound to obtain detailed

information about their surroundings. They rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and

feed. Marine mammals, such as dolphins, use sound to locate and identify objects such as

food, obstacles, and other whales. By emitting clicks, or short pulses of sound, and listening

to the echo, dolphins can detect individual prey and navigate around objects underwater.

from the http://www.dosits.org/science/soundsinthesea/commonsounds/

'''Salt-Water Fish Extinction Seen By 2048'''
The apocalypse has a new date: 2048.

That's when the world's oceans will be empty of fish, predicts an international team of ecologists and economists. The cause: the disappearance of species due to overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

The study by Boris Worm, PhD, of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, -- with colleagues in the U.K., U.S., Sweden, and Panama -- was an effort to understand what this loss of ocean species might mean to the world.

The researchers analyzed several different kinds of data. Even to these ecology-minded scientists, the results were an unpleasant surprise.
[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/salt-water-fish-extinction-seen-by-2048/]

'''Cnidaria jellyfish hearing under the water'''

At present there is still a dearth of research and understanding about how Cnidaria—with

their ancient evolutionary history— actually perceive and adapt to their environment through

acoustic energy and vibration, and how this has enabled them to survive over the eons

despite their ‘simplicity.’

Marine mammal calls can actually increase ambient noise levels by 2025 underwater dB in

some locations at certain times of year. Blue and fin whales produce lowfrequency moans

at frequencies of 1025 Hz with estimated source levels of up to 190 underwater dB at 1 m.

The ambient noise levels at frequencies of 1720 Hz increase off coastal California during

the fall and winter months due to blue and fin whale calls.

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Animal Sound Perception and Production Modes'''

From the preceding it is clear that many sea animals use sound in a variety of ways. Some

animals use sound passively, others actively. Passive use of sound occurs when the animal

does not create the sound that it senses, but responds to environmental and ambient

sounds. These uses include: 1. Detection of predators. 2. Location and detection of prey. 3.

Proximity perception of cospecies in school, raft or colony. 4. Navigation—either local or

global. 5. Perception of changing environmental conditions such as seismic movement, tides

and currents. 6. Detection of food sources and feeding of other animals. 7. “Acoustic

illumination” akin to daylight vision. Active use of sound occurs when the animal creates a

sound to interact with their environment or other animals in it. Active uses include: 1. Sonic

communication with cospecies for breeding. 2. Sonic communication with cospecies for

feeding, including notification and guidance of others to food sources. 3. Territorial and

social relations. 4. Echolocation. 5. Stunning and apprehending prey. 6. Alarm calls used to

notify other creatures of the approach of enemies. 7. Long distance navigation and mapping.

8. Use of sound as a defense against predators. 9. Use of sound when seized by a predator

(perhaps to startle the predator).

from the Soundscape The Journal of Acoustic Ecology

[http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf http://wfae.proscenia.net/journal/scape_6.pdf]

'''Arctic Hydroacoustics''' by H KUTSCHALEI
underwater sound are the permanent ice cover and the velocity structure in the water. ... Sounds are transmitted to great ranges in this natural arctic waveguide.
[http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic22-3-246.pdf]

'''Underwater Sound Propagation in the Arctic Ocean'''
by H. W. Marsh and R. H. Mellen
Some results of a four‐year experimental study of sound propagation in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The duration, form, and intensity of waves received at distances up to 1400 km are explained using ray theory and modes, in which source characteristics, refraction, scattering at the ice surface, and bottom effects are important.
[http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531 http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/35/4/10.1121/1.1918531]

'''308 million year old tropical forest in the arctic'''
A recent study published in the journal Geology shared some surprising findings: the icy landscape of Svalbard, Norway was once home to an ancient tropical forest. A group of researchers from Cardiff University found fossilized tree stumps belonging to lycopsids, a tropical tree, during the course of field work in the area.
[http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/ http://inhabitat.com/scientists-discover-308-million-year-old-tropical-forest-in-the-arctic/]

'''Video of plankton eating plastic'''
[http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow http://grist.org/list/this-beautiful-video-of-plankton-eating-plastic-is-also-a-little-disturbing/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=update&utm_campaign=socialflow]

'''Killer whales make waves to hunt seals'''
A BBC film crew has captured footage of killer whales working together to create waves to wash their vulnerable prey into the water.
The predators targeted a weddell seal that was resting on a small ice floe, sweeping it off the ice to where they could attack it.
Scientists who worked with the film crew said the footage revealed new insights into killer whale ecology.
The team filmed the sequence for the BBC documentary Frozen Planet
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15308790]

'''Underwater Sound in the Arctic Ocean''' (reaserch from 1965)
[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/718140.pdf]

'''The underwater noise that drove scientists QUACKERS for 50 years:'''
Researchers discover minke whale is source of mysterious duck sound
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2611606/The-underwater-noise-drove-scientists-QUACKERS-Researchers-discover-source-mysterious-duck-sound-minke-whales.html#ixzz3sVRwvTzD]